![]() Conclusion: These findings suggest that early expressive language skills, as indexed by the CDI, are clinically relevant for identifying CI users who may be at high risk for long-term neurocognitive delays and disturbances. Majority of participants performed similarly between the audio only and audiovisual conditions in the backward digit span test (fig 5C&D). Opposite Direction Mean span is highest for audiovisual condition and lowest for degraded audio condition (fig 6A&B). Result: Analyses revealed that early expressive language skills, collected on average 1.03 years post cochlear implantation, predicted long-term language, executive functioning, and academic skills up to 16 years later. Forward Digit Span Test Backward Digit Span Test A. Measures of long-term neurocognitive outcomes were derived from gold-standard performance-based and questionnaire-based assessments of language, executive functioning, and academic skills. Methods and ProceduresWISC-IV digit span was modified to administer all trials (i.e., ignore discontinue rule) and count digits rather than trials correct. Long-term neurocognitive outcomes were assessed after an average of 11.32 (SD = 2.54, range = 7.08-16.52) years of CI experience. span backward’s construct and predictive validities in a well-characterized sample of children with ADHD. ![]() Analysis using Spearman test showed no significant association (p 0.128) between DUP and working memory. Method: The CDI was used to index the early expressive language skills of 32 pediatric CI users after an average of 1.03 years (SD = 0.56, range = 0.39-2.17) of CI experience. Average digit span backward scores of subjects was 3.7 1.18. Abstract : Purpose: The objective of the present article was to document the extent to which early expressive language skills (measured using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories ) predict long-term neurocognitive outcomes in a sample of early-implanted prelingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users.
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